Eleven chemical elements on the periodic table have symbols derived directly from their classical or Neo-Latin names rather than their English names. Below is the complete list of those elements alongside the noble gases.
Noble Gases (Group 18)
The noble gases use modern scientific (Neo-Latin) names, primarily built from Greek roots.

English Name Symbol Neo-Latin / Scientific Name Origin / Meaning
Helium He Helium Greek helios (Sun)
Neon Ne Neon Greek neos (new)
Argon Ar Argon Greek argos (idle, lazy)
Krypton Kr Krypton Greek kryptos (hidden)
Xenon Xe Xenon (or Xenonum) Greek xenos (stranger)
Radon Rn Radon From radium (originally niton, from Latin nitens meaning “shining”)
Oganesson Og Oganesson Named after physicist Yuri Oganessian

Elements with Latin-Derived Symbols
These 11 elements get their chemical symbols from their Latin names rather than their English spellings.

English Name Symbol Latin Name Meaning / Origin
Sodium Na Natrium From natron, a naturally occurring soda salt
Potassium K Kalium From Arabic al-qalyah (plant ashes), Latinized as kalium
Iron Fe Ferrum Classical Latin word for iron
Copper Cu Cuprum From aes Cyprium (“metal of Cyprus”)
Silver Ag Argentum Classical Latin word for silver
Tin Sn Stannum Classical Latin word for tin
Antimony Sb Stibium Classical Latin name for the mineral stibnite
Tungsten W Wolfram Neo-Latin name derived from the mineral wolframite
Gold Au Aurum Classical Latin word for gold (“shining dawn”)
Mercury Hg Hydrargyrum Latinized Greek hydrargyros (“water-silver”)
Lead Pb Plumbum Classical Latin word for lead